Egyptian Mummies
The ancient Egyptians believed the pharaoh’s body had to remain intact in order to reach the afterlife, so they took elaborate steps to ensure the ruler’s body would not decompose. The Egyptians developed special embalming process call mummification. Embalming is the technique of preparing a body so it can be preserved. Only the pharaoh and his closest advisors were mummified because the ancient Egyptians believed only gods could live in the afterlife. Poor people were buried in the desert, where the hot dry sand quickly dried out their bodies.
The most elaborate Egyptian mummification process took about 70 days and included great ceremonies. Embalmers cut the body on the side to remove the intestines, liver, stomach, and lungs. They wrapped the organs in linen and stored the organs in sacred jars. The Egyptians believed different gods would protect the organs, in the afterlife, so the lids of the four jars depicted the animal associated with the guardian of that organ. The jars were safely stored so the pharaoh could use his organs in the afterlife. There was no jar for the heart. The Egyptians believed the heart held the pharaoh’s soul, the embalmers left the heart inside the body. The Egyptians did not understand the importance of the brain, so priests removed it by inserting a special hook through the nostrils. The hook was swished around, allowing the Egyptians to remove the mummy’s brain through the nose.
The mummified body was stuffed for about forty days to drain any fluids. When the stuffing was removed, the body was very dry and smaller than in life. It was again stuffed with packing and covered in jewels. The mummy was then wrapped in about twenty layers of linen.
Many of the pharaohs were buried in a set of nesting mummy cases and elaborate stone coffins called sarcophagi. When a pharaoh’s mummy was complete, a priest would touch the mouth of the mummy with a stick so that the pharaoh could breathe and speak in the afterlife.
The most elaborate Egyptian mummification process took about 70 days and included great ceremonies. Embalmers cut the body on the side to remove the intestines, liver, stomach, and lungs. They wrapped the organs in linen and stored the organs in sacred jars. The Egyptians believed different gods would protect the organs, in the afterlife, so the lids of the four jars depicted the animal associated with the guardian of that organ. The jars were safely stored so the pharaoh could use his organs in the afterlife. There was no jar for the heart. The Egyptians believed the heart held the pharaoh’s soul, the embalmers left the heart inside the body. The Egyptians did not understand the importance of the brain, so priests removed it by inserting a special hook through the nostrils. The hook was swished around, allowing the Egyptians to remove the mummy’s brain through the nose.
The mummified body was stuffed for about forty days to drain any fluids. When the stuffing was removed, the body was very dry and smaller than in life. It was again stuffed with packing and covered in jewels. The mummy was then wrapped in about twenty layers of linen.
Many of the pharaohs were buried in a set of nesting mummy cases and elaborate stone coffins called sarcophagi. When a pharaoh’s mummy was complete, a priest would touch the mouth of the mummy with a stick so that the pharaoh could breathe and speak in the afterlife.
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